Wow, I could be completely off, but that looks very similar to a (very impressive) set that @Powderdigit had shown a while back.
L’Amante di una Notte, a movie poster from 1950 with a chess scene
Well it does somewhat resemble this set, but it seems the characters are different (Roman?).
One Night's Lover (Le château de verre) is a 1950 film directed by René Clément, with Michele Morgan, Jean Marais etc. Michele Morgan was offered the main female role in Casablanca.
The chess pieces in this poster are huge, very funny.
If you are in Switzerland the next weekend, I will sell some chess related things in he Paul Klee Museum. You will find me easily because I almost sure will bring my Novag Adversary to the market (it was working last week, so I hope he will still work this weekend).