How to spot the threat

i am getting trapped since I am to late in spotting the threat. One such example would be following scholars mate:

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 f6 3. Nxe5 fxe5 4. Qh5+ g6 5. Qxe5+ Be7 6. Qxh8 Kf7 7. Bc4+ d5
8. Bxd5+ Be6 9. Qxh7+ Kf8 10. Bxe6 Nf6 11. Qf7

I wish i could have spotted opponents e4 opening that opens up queen and bishop to be placed at rank 5. Another thing nerve wracking for me is not to protect queen coming at e5 on the 5th move Qxe5+ Be7. While it’s easy to go back and review but I was wondering if this threat could be spotted earlier on.

Opening Principles:

1. Control the center squares – d4-e4-d5-e5
2. Develop your minor pieces toward the center – piece activity is the key
3. Castle
4. Connect your rooks

Tactics...tactics...tactics...

The objective of development is about improving the value of your pieces by increasing the importance of their roles. Well-developed pieces have more fire-power than undeveloped pieces and they do more in helping you gain control.

Now we will look at 5 practical things you can do to help you achieve your development objective.

They are:

1. Give priority to your least active pieces.

• Which piece needs to be developed (which piece is the least active)
• Where should it go (where can its role be maximized)

2. Exchange your least active pieces for your opponent’s active pieces.
3. Restrict the development of your opponent’s pieces.
4. Neutralize your opponent’s best piece.
5. Secure strong squares for your pieces.

Don’t help your opponent develop.

There are 2 common mistakes whereby you will simply be helping your opponent to develop:

1. Making a weak threat that can easily be blocked
2. Making an exchange that helps your opponent to develop a piece

Pre Move Checklist:

1. Make sure all your pieces are safe.
2. Look for forcing moves: Checks, captures, threats. You want to look at ALL forcing moves (even the bad ones) as this will force you look at, and see the entire board.
3. If there are no forcing moves, you then want to remove any of your opponent’s pieces from your side of the board.
4. If your opponent doesn’t have any of his pieces on your side of the board, then you want to improve the position of your least active piece.
5. After each move by your opponent, ask yourself: "What is my opponent trying to do?"

Simple: remember that always that you move a pawn you're leaving an empty square and two weak ones.

Pawns are like little motor-boats... as they advance they leave a "wake" of weak squares behind them.

@IMBacon: thanks for the detailed explanation and advice, greatly helps a novice player like me. I opened with e5 and my second move f6 is simply to defend pawn on e5. I’ve tried different openings earlier but trying to be conservative this time to defend every possible pieces that I open. I tried other moves to take control of center but I totally understand as mentioned by @EnlightWolif and @blueemu that pawn move by leaving an empty square and two weak ones. Pawn of f6 I believed was to defend Kg5 and Kd4. There were imminent threats with knight from same player to me in past and I thought knight was something to watch out for.

3.Nxe5 fxe5?? (3...Qe7!)