Challenge: Why is this position illegal?
From what I understand, that's an impossible position and impossible positions don't count as illegal.
However, in this case the B could have taken a piece.
impossible and illegal mean the same thing you frozen toilet seat.
Even math protects us. A legal position in chess is a possible world in math. An illegal position is an impossible world. However, a pink elephant is neither legal nor illegal as it is outside the chess language space, it is not a chess position at all. Interestingly the BBC broadcasts a TV show based on the same concepts and named: "IMPOSSIBLE".
Illegal positions are only interesting when they narrowly crossed the line such that precise analysis in needed. This one is way out of sight!